The rep range matters less than you think

If you've been training for a while, you've probably heard this: "To build muscle, do 8 to 12 reps." It's one of the most repeated rules in every gym in the world. And for decades, no one really questioned it.

The problem is that current scientific evidence tells a very different story.

The idea of an ideal rep range for hypertrophy comes from the so-called "repetition continuum" — a classic model that divides adaptations by load: low reps with heavy weight for strength, moderate reps for hypertrophy, and high reps with light weight for muscular endurance.

It sounds logical. But when researchers began to test it with controlled studies, things got complicated.

In 2017, Brad Schoenfeld and colleagues published a meta-analysis comparing training with high loads (above 60% of 1RM) versus low loads (below 60% of 1RM). The result? When volume was equated, the difference in hypertrophy was statistically insignificant — an effect size of just 0.03.

In plain terms: training with 6 heavy reps produces practically the same muscle growth as 25 light reps, as long as effort is high.

In 2021, the same team published a formal re-examination of the repetition continuum in the journal Sports, concluding that hypertrophy can be achieved across a range from 3 to over 30 reps per set. The condition: sets must be taken close to muscular failure.

A study by Lasevicius and colleagues reinforced this idea from another angle. They compared training with high and low loads, taken to failure or not. Their findings were revealing: with low loads, training to failure made a significant difference in hypertrophy. With high loads, reaching failure did not add extra benefit.

What does this mean in practice? What really moves the needle is not how many reps you do, but how close to your limit you get on each set. Relative effort — measured through concepts like RIR (reps in reserve) — is far more decisive than any magic number on your spreadsheet.

If the rep range isn't as critical as we thought, what should a coach focus on when programming for hypertrophy?

This is where having a system that lets you program with this logic for each client, adjusting variables in real time based on individual response, changes everything. Because knowing that the rep range doesn't matter much is one thing — applying that insight to 30 clients at once without missing a beat is another.

Next time someone tells you that you "must do 8-12," you'll know the evidence doesn't support it as an absolute truth. What it does support is training with intention, programming with intelligence, and stopping the obsession with a number.

Muscles don't count reps. They respond to effort.